Batiri min be kɛ, o ye mun lo ye?

Batiri min be kɛ, o ye mun lo ye?

Sisan, faamuyali ɲuman ani min be bɛn ɲɔgɔn ma LiFePO wɔɔrɔ ka ɛlɛkitorokimiki yɛlɛmani fɛɛrɛ kan baarakɛyɔrɔ la. Aniyɔn min be ɲɔgɔn fɛ (PO₄)3⁻ be nɛgɛ- min be kɛ ni fɛn ɲuman ye min be se ka kɛ litiyɔmu-yɔn ye. Nka, LiFePO seliliw ka kristali sigicogo b’a ka yɛlɛmani n’a ka litiyɔmu -iyɔn jɛnsɛnni baara dan, min be na ni dɔ ye min be sɔrɔ minanw ka elekitorokimiki baara la. A tɛ i n’a fɔ fɛn minw be ɲɔgɔn kan, LiMPO wɔɔrɔ ka charge-diskari kurun be ni pɛtɛnin ye min be ni pɛtɛnin ye, o min ye fila ye min be sɔrɔ -faziw ka yɛlɛmaniw la, o kɔrɔ ko fazi yɛlɛmani min be Litiyɔmu yɔrɔ la, o be kɛ litiyɔmu-on kɔnɔ.

LiFePO4 be fila-phazi ka yɛlɛmani fɛɛrɛ dɔ kɛ chargement ani dicharge kɔnɔ batiri kɔnɔ, o kɔrɔ .

Reaction mechanism model

Jalaki wagati la, Ligu be yɛlɛma ka bɔ FeO₆ layiri kɔnɔ, a be tɛmɛ elekitoroliti fɛ ani a be don elekitorodi jugu kɔnɔ. Fe2⁺ be yɛlɛma ka kɛ Fe3⁺ ye, k’a sɔrɔ elɛkitoroninw be bɔ kɛnɛma circuit la ka taga ɛlɛkitorodi juguman na ni fɛnw ye minw be ɲɔgɔn minɛ ani minw be ɲɔgɔn lajɛn. O bɔli baara lo ye kɔfɛtagama ye.

Ka nin fila ɲɛfɔ, Padhi ni Goodenough et al. fɔlɔ ye "core-shell modɛli laɲini," min b'a yira ko litiyɔmu-iyɔn intercalation/deenteration process be kɛ LiFePO la/FePO₄ fila-fazi la, i n'a fɔ a yiralen be cogo min na jateden 4-3a kɔnɔ.

O chargement wagati la, LiFePO selili/FePO baara yɔrɔ be to ka bɔ dugukolo sanfɛ ka taga cɛmancɛ fan fɛ, ka yɛlɛma ka taga yɔrɔ min na. Li⁺ be to ka taga bɔ kɛnɛma, ani LiFePO₄ kɛnɛma be to ka yɛlɛma ka kɛ FePO2 ye. Litiyɔmu iyɔnw ni elɛkitoroninw be to ka tɛmɛ yɔrɔ fila la minw be sɔrɔ yɔrɔ fila la, u be se ka yɛlɛma, nka litiyɔmu-iyɔn jɛnsɛnni hakɛ be to ka kɛ cogoya dɔw la. Komi ɲɔgɔndan min be yɔrɔ fila nunu cɛ, litiyɔmu iyɔnw jɛnsɛnni tɛna kɛ sababu ye ka yɛlɛmani ɲuman mara. LiFePO_ min be sɔrɔ fɛnɲɛnamaw yɔrɔ la, o tɛna baara kɛ ka ɲɛ, o bena kɛ sababu ye ka se ka mɔgɔ ka setigiya dɔgɔya. O kɔ, LiFePO₄ min ma baara kɛ, o bena to yɔrɔ min na, o bena to a nɔɔ na.

N’an y’a jati ko litiyɔmu iyɔnw be se ka don ɲɔgɔn na ani ka ɲɔgɔn sɔsɔ yɔrɔ caaman na, Andersson et al. a ye mozayiki modɛli labɛn walisa ka se ka setigiya fɔlɔ tunu, i n’a fɔ a yiralen be cogo min na jaa 4-3b kɔnɔ. Mozayiki modɛli b’a yira ko hali ni litiyɔmu ion be don ɲɔgɔn na ani a be se ka ban, o be LiFePO la,/FePO wɔɔrɔ la, o be se ka kɛ yɔrɔ o yɔrɔ la fɛnɲɛnaman kɔnɔ. Jalaki wagati la, FePO2 mara be bonya yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la yɔrɔ wɛrɛw la, ani o maraw gɛrɛfɛlaw be ɲɔgɔn minɛ, o min be yɔrɔ salen caaman dan minw tɛ se ka faamu, o la, u be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka se ka baara kɛ. Diɲɛ yɛlɛmani wagati la, yɛlɛmani be kɛ, litiyɔmu iyɔnw be don FePO2 ka fazi kɔnɔ. O yɔrɔ min na litiyɔmu iyɔnw tɛ ɲɔgɔn minɛ, o be na ni setigiya dɔgɔyali ye.

Figure 4-3 Lithium-ion intercalation/deintercalation model of lithium iron phosphate battery

Tewori modɛli fila labɛnna ɲɔgɔn fɛ, nka core-shell modɛli be sɔn ka caya ɲininikɛlaw fɛ, hali ni nɛgɛjuru ni fɛn jɔnjɔn ka minan kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw be sɔsɔli la. Ka sinsin o misaliya fila kan, an be se k’a fɔ ko litiyɔmu iyɔnw ni charge difuziyɔn ye fɛnw ye minw be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka elekitorodi minanw bɛɛ kɛ ka baara kɛ. Litiyɔmu nɛgɛ katodi minanw labɛnni na, jijaliw be kɛ walisa ka fɛnɲɛnamaw sɔrɔ minw ka fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw ka dɔgɔ ani u be ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ (annocale wala mikroporozi), u be baara kɛ ni karbɔni ye (annokarbɔni filimu) ani iyɔn doping doping ye walisa ka yɛlɛmani don u ka yɛlɛmani na ani ka litiyɔmu ion difuziyɔn fisaya.

LiMPO ka minanw faamuyali ka ɲɛ, a y’a ye ko o misaliya fila nunu ye litiyɔmu iyɔnw tacogo minw be sɔrɔ LithOO minanw na, u ka kɛcogow bila. Laffont ye "Core-shell Model" dɔ labɛn walisa ka "Core-shell modɛli ka fiɲɛw latilen." Ka lɔ o kan, Delmas ye LiFePO fɛnɲɛnamaw kalan depletion cogoya wɛrɛw la ani a ye "Domino-cascade Modɛli dɔ labɛn ka ɲɛ, min be nanoscale fɛnɲɛnamaw ka charge teliya n’u bɔli ɲɛfɔ ka ɲɛ, i n’a fɔ a yiralen be cogo min na jaaw 4-4 kɔnɔ.

Hali ni danfaraba be modɛli minw kofɔra ka tɛmɛ, o ye ko jɔnjɔn ye ko fila ka kiraya n’a ka kɛcogo la, o ye -phase interface ye. Komi litiyɔmu donni/bɔli ani fazi yɛlɛmani be bɔ kosɛbɛ fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bonya, u cogoya ani u ka fizikosimiki cogoyaw la, baro minw kofɔra sanfɛ (o be sɔrɔ misaliyaw ni ɲɔgɔn cɛ) be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka sɛgɛsɛgɛri kɛ.

Ni mikɔrɔsikopi ni spectroscopie yiriwali ye, furakisɛ barikamanw ani yɔrɔ cɛmancɛ yɔrɔw kɔlɔsira ani u yera LiMPO4 minanw yɛlɛmani wagati la, o b’a yira ko fazi yɛlɛmani fɛɛrɛ wɛrɛ be se ka kɛ LiMPO4 minanw na. Fɛɛrɛ barikamanw na, seliliw ka paramɛtiriw ani seliliw hakɛ be to ka yɛlɛmaniw yira fazi yɛlɛmaniw wagati la. Sɛgɛsɛgɛli cogoya dɔw fɛ ani u ka kɛcogow fɛ, i n’a fɔ ultra-small fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw (anoscale) ani u ka ca ni-} ye (10C ka tɛmɛ), fura barikamanw ani yɔrɔ minw be ɲɔgɔn cɛmancɛ la, olu yera LiMPO4 kɔnɔ.

Fasa yɛlɛmaniw charge wagati la, a be kɛ ko a be yɛlɛma yɛlɛma so kɔnɔ. Litiyɔmu-on batiriw be yɛlɛmani ɲuman yira charge-diskari yɛlɛmaniw na, o min be taga ni sigicogo bɔɲɔgɔnya ye fazi cogoyaw ni litiyɔmu-on ka banni/ɲɔgɔndan cɛ. charge de-discharge baarakɛcogow la, batiri ka setigiya dɔgɔyali be taga ɲɔgɔn fɛ ni fazi yɛlɛmani kinetiki ye. Ka kɛɲɛ ni LiFePO4 sigicogo ye, [100]pmnb sira ka ɲi ka tɛmɛ litiyɔmu- ka tagama kan, ani ɲɔgɔndan min be kɛ yɔrɔ fila nunu cɛ, o be taga c-}diskari baara wagati la.

(1) LiFePO la/FePO₄ .The ratio of LiFePO₄/FePO₄ changes continuously with the battery charge-discharge reaction (the value of x in LiₓFePO₄ changes continuously). As lithium ions are extracted, the intensity of the diffraction peak produced by LiFePO₄ gradually decreases. When δ>0.2, Li₋δFePO2 ka difraksiyɔn be daminɛ ka tunu, ani difraksiyɔn yɔrɔ min be bɔ FePO2 be min bɔ, o be caya dɔɔni dɔɔni. O cogo kelen na, komi litiyɔmu iyɔnw be donna, difraksiyɔn yɔrɔ min be bɔ FePO la, o be dɔgɔya dɔɔni dɔɔni, ani difraksiyɔn yɔrɔ min be bɔ Li₴₋δFePO₄ fɛ, o be caya dɔɔni dɔɔni.

(2) LiₓFePO₄/Li₋yFePO₄LiₓFePO₄ so kɔnɔ funteni hakɛ la, o ye Fe3⁺/Fe2} ɲagaminin ye min be ɲagami- mɛzofazi mezofazi LiₐFePO₄/Li fePO_. ani a be mɔgɔw ka caya yira ani u be se ka pɛrɛn chargement ani dicharging wagati la, ka tugu ɲɔgɔn kɔ. Powder nɛtɔrɔn difraksiyɔn y’a yira ko 0,05 ani 0,11 ka sɔngɔ ɲumanw n’u ka sɔngɔ ɲumanw. Fɛɛn dɔw i n’a fɔ iyɔn dopi, funteni, yɛlɛmani nɛgɛ, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bonya, ani non{6}}/}equilibrium be fɔ ka tɛmɛ minw bɛɛ be nɔɔ to ani . Ka dɔ fara sɔngɔw kan ani ka dɔ fara a kan, o bena kɛ sababu ye ka elekitorodiw ka baara kɛcogo fisaya chargement ani dicharge wagati la.

450 degere , LiₓFePO₄ fura barikaman dɔ be yen, k’a sɔrɔ so kɔnɔ funteni hakɛ la, yɔrɔ fila be yen minw be se ka yɛlɛma: Li₀.₇₴FePO foyi ni Li₀. Ka tɛmɛ degere 500 kan , LiₓFePO2 be daminɛ ka tunu ka kɛ non-olivini ɲɔgɔndanw ye; o fɔsifatiw wala o fɔsifidiw labɛncogo n’u kɔnɔfɛnw be bɔ x hakɛ la. Degere 400 ni 500 cɛ , LiₓFePO_ ka fura barikaman dɔrɔn lo be yen.

Yɛlɛmani minw be kɛ nɛnɛ wagati la, u ka gwɛlɛ ka tɛmɛ minw be kɛ ka funteni wagati la. O ɲagaminin kɔnɔ, nɛnɛ wagati la, o be bɔ x hakɛ la ani funteni hakɛ la. Nɛnɛ tuma na, LiₓFePO2 be fɔlɔ ka kɛ fɛn fila ɲagaminin ye minw tɛ-}olivini fazi fila ɲagaminin ye, o hakɛ be bɔ funteni hakɛ fɔlɔ la ani x. Ni funteni be duguma (140±20 degere ), o fila-fazi be kɛ sisitɛmu ye min ka gwɛlɛ ka tɛmɛ, o min na LiFePO₄ ani FePO2 ɲɔgɔnna min be ni oliviniye fila wɛrɛ ye, Li€ₓ₁FePO_ ani Liₓ€ ye. Ka nin ɲagaminin sɔrɔ so kɔnɔ funteni hakɛ la, o be kɛ sababu ye ka -phase sisitɛmu naani bila ka yɛlɛma dɔɔni dɔɔni ka kɛ LiFePO wɔɔrɔ ni FePO2 ka system fila ye.

Battery reaction mechanism

FePOD be sɔrɔ yɔrɔ caaman na: ⑿ LiFePO seliliw ka jɛnɲɔgɔnya dafanin kɔ, Ɔrɔmuw ka FePO wɔɔrɔ be sigi; ② Triclinique FePO selili be ni kuwrtz- ye, ani kabilaw bɛɛ labɛnnin lo; 1 Monoclinique ani thorhombic FePOD be se ka labɛn u ka hydrate kelen kelen bɛɛ la. O kristalini sugu nunu bɛɛ, ani FePO_ amorphous, u be se ka yɛlɛma ka kɛ FePO wɔɔrɔ ye min be se ka yɛlɛma.

Yɛlɛmani min be kɛ ka bɔ LiFePO la ka taga FePO la, o be sumaya ani a dafanin tɛ, nka a be dafa ni funteni be tɛmɛ degere 500 kan . Batiri baarakɛcogo la, katodi minanw be se ka yɛlɛma. LiFePO wɔɔrɔ ka sɛgɛsɛgɛli wagati la, a nafa ka bon an ka lajɛ ni FePO2 tɛ yen. N’a be yen, FePO selili min ka gwɛlɛ, o bena bɔ kalaya la, o be na ni yɔrɔ dɔ ye min tɛ-ektɔrɔsi ye min be baara kɛ ni fɛnw ye minw be baara kɛ ni funteniba ye.

Ion doping be se ka minanw ka yɛlɛmani fisaya. P-type semiconducteur ka fɛnw minw be se ka yɛlɛma, olu be se ka se 10⁻2 S/cm ma ion doping sababu fɛ. Dopi ye baara ye min ka gwɛlɛ kosɔbɛ: fan kelen fɛ, a ka ca a la, a ka ca a la, a be se ka kɛ ko a ka ɲi ka kɛ LiFePOd ka elekitoroniki ye, o min be sɔrɔ yɔrɔ min na mɔgɔw be ɲɔgɔn sɔrɔ (LDA) ani u be ɲɔgɔn sɛgɛsɛgɛ (GGA) ani u be se ka yɛlɛma yɔrɔ bɛɛ la, o min be bɛn ni 0,3 eV ɲɔgɔn ye tiɲɛn na . yera. Faan wɛrɛ fɛ, n’an be ɛlɛkitoroni ɔrbitaliw ni Coulomb ka jɛnɲɔgɔnya minw be ɲɔgɔn fɛ, n’an y’u jati, o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka valence bandi labɛn ka ɲɛ, o be se ka kɛ.

DFT jatebɔ minw be kɛ Mg- walima Cr-do ye LiFePO wɔɔrɔ ye, o b’a yira ko elekitoroniki cogoyaw ka caya hakɛ be sɔrɔ Fermi nivo gɛrɛfɛ, o min be nɛgɛ yɛlɛmani ɲɛfɔ min be kɛ ni dope ye. Yɛlɛmani min be kɛ yɛlɛmani na min be kɛ ion doping fɛ, o be se ka kɛ sababu nunu ye:

1) chargeur yɔrɔw gɛrɛfɛlaw be nɛgɛ.

2) Ion doping be valence bandi ni rushation bandi bonya dɔgɔya.

3) Ka hakɛ dɔ bɔ a la, dopant iyɔnw ka ɛlɛkitoron baara be na ni yɛlɛmalan bandi labɛnni ye.

4) iyɔn iyɔnw suguya, u hakɛ ani u tilacogo.

5) M-O nɛgɛ oksidi caman kɔnɔ, nɛgɛ yɛlɛmani bandi dɔ be bɔ ni M-M nɔrɔli janya be dɔgɔya ni 3 × 10⁻ 10⁹ 10 ye.

6) Ka fara o kan, ka karibɔni fara a kan, o be kɛ sababu ye ka karibɔni yɛlɛma, o min be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka yɛlɛma yɛlɛma.

7) Fe€€ ye nin ye. O la, n’an be karibɔni caya, o be fɔsifati dɔgɔya.

Ion doping and conductivity

8) Fe3⁺/Fe2 ⁺ redɔkisi fila be baara kɛ i n’a fɔ katalisi LiFePO mɛrɛ dɔgɔyali la.

LiFePO₄ be yɛlɛmani yira ni ɛlɛkitorolitiw ye minw ka teli ka kɛ. O fɛɛn ka elekitorokimiki jogo be taga ɲɔgɔn fɛ kosɔbɛ n’a ka kemikɛli simi ye elekitoroliti kɔnɔ. A ka ca a la, filimu dɔ be bɔ min be kɛ ni fɛɛn dɔ ye min be sɔrɔ o fɛɛnw kan. Nin filimu be litiyɔmu-iyɔn jɛnsɛnni nɔgɔya, a be fɛɛn minw be baara kɛ, u ka tununi bali, ani a ka kan ka yɛlɛmani ni yɔrɔ yɛlɛmaniw kunbɛn litiyɔmu-on donni/bɔli wagati la. Karibɔni- min be weele ko LiFePO₄ filimu, o be ni fɛnw ye i n’a fɔ LiF, LiPF₆, LiPFƆJ, ani LiₓPOᵧFủD.

Elɛkitoroliti minw ka ca, alikili karibɔni ni litiyɔmu kɔgɔw be sɔrɔ. Katodi minanw be se ka kɛ cogo caaman na ɛlɛkitoroliti kɔnɔ. Misaliya la, LiPF₆ furaw kɔnɔ, asidi-base yɛlɛmani LiFePO wɔɔrɔ ni HF hakɛ sɛgɛsɛgɛli cɛ, o tɛ se ka bɔ yen. HF ka sɔrɔli elekitoroliti kɔnɔ, a be ni kɔlɔlɔ fila ye: a fɔlɔ, nɛgɛ iyɔnw ni porotɔnw ka yɛlɛmani; ani a filanan, Li iyɔnw ni F iyɔnw ka yɛlɛmani min be kɛ fɛnɲɛnamaw kan ka LiF dilan, o min be Ligu jɛnsɛnni bali.

Nɛgɛ iyɔnw be yɛlɛma yɛlɛma elekitorolitiw kɔnɔ. Sɛgɛsɛgɛri minw kɛra LiFePO₄ ka nɛgɛ yɛlɛmani kan elekitoroliti sifa caaman na, olu y’a yira ko nin ye nin ye:

1) Elɛkitoroliti minw tɛ ni asidi ye, hali ni funteni be yɛlɛma, nɛgɛ iyɔnw yɛlɛmani ani o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛɛn min be baara kɛ, o ka ca.

2) Asidi fura min ka ca, o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka nɛgɛ iyɔn yɛlɛmani nɔgɔya.

3) Funteni min ka bon, o b’a to nɛgɛ iyɔn yɛlɛmani ka nɔgɔ.

4) Kabɔni caaman min be sɔrɔ minanw kɔnɔ, o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka minanw basigi.

O yɔrɔ min be minan min be baara kɛ ani min be ɲɔgɔn minɛ, o be se ka tiɲɛ ka tɛmɛ yɔrɔ bɛɛ kan. O nɔgɔ be se ka bali n’an be baara kɛ ni alkali ye wala n’an be baara kɛ ni asidi sɛgɛsɛgɛrifɛnw ye. Litiyɔmu-on batiriw kɔnɔ, n’an be baara kɛ ni LiFePO baarakɛla ye i n’a fɔ katodi minɛn, non{3}}} elekitorolitiw walima karbɔni farali walima LiFePO wɔɔrɔ ka fani doncogo, o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka mɔgɔw bali ka tunu.

LiFePO naani ka katodi minanw ka kinetiki sifaw ma faamu ka ɲɛ fɔlɔ. A ka ca a la, a ka ca a la, fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw bonya n’u tilacogo, iyɔn difuziyɔn, kinetiki fazi yɛlɛmaniw wagati la ( charge-diskari baarakɛcogo), ani karbɔni 10/ka baara bɛɛ be nɔɔ to batiri ka baara kan charge-diskari hakɛ wɛrɛ la. Karbɔni dopin kelen kɔrɔ ko litiyɔmu iyɔnw ni elɛkitoroninw be se ka don ani k’u bɔ yɔrɔ kelen na minan min be baara kɛ, o be ɛlɛkitorodi polarizasiyɔn dɔgɔya.

(1) Ni mɔgɔw be nɔɔ to mɔgɔw ka koow cogoya kan LiFePO m saniyanin ka yɛlɛmani ka dɔgɔ, o be na ni batiri ka bɔli setigiya dɔgɔyali ye. LiFePO seliliw saniyalen ka yɛlɛmani be se 10⁹ S/cm ɲɔgɔn ma, ani bɔli seko be dɔgɔya kosɔbɛ ka bɔ 148 mA·h/g la ni 0,2C bɔli hakɛ ye ka se 85 mA·h/g ma ni 5C bɔli hakɛ ye. Katodi minanw ka bɔli se min ka bon, o tɛ caya tuma bɛɛ ni yɛlɛmani be kɛra. Ni yɛlɛmani man ca, n’an be yɛlɛma, o be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka fɛnw yɛlɛma. Ni minanw yɛlɛmani ka ca ni sɔngɔ jɔnjɔn dɔ ye, yɛlɛmani tɛ fɛn ye min be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka minanw hakɛ lɔn. LiFe₀.₁₁POPI (1,0 × 10⁻ S/cm), n’a ka yɛlɛmani ka dɔgɔ, a be se ka yɛlɛma ka ɲɛ ka tɛmɛ LiFePOD2 kan (4,0 × 10 Bal/g ani 55 ). mAeh/g, ka tugu ɲɔgɔn kɔ, 10C bɔli hakɛ. O b’a yira ko litiyɔmu-iyɔn jɛnsɛnni be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka yɛlɛma yɛlɛma i n’a fɔ fɛn min be se ka kɛ sababu ye ka litiyɔmu -iyɔn ka elekitorokimiki sifaw yɛlɛma.

(2) Litiyɔmu-iyɔn Litiyɔmu -}-iyɔn jɛnsɛnni be dantigɛ kɔnɔna ni kɛnɛma fɛnw fɛ. Kɛnɛmafɛnw ye fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw hakɛ, u tilacogo ani u cogoya ye. Kɔnɔnakow be sɔrɔ litiyɔmu-iyɔn difuziyɔn hakɛ la. Litiyɔmu-iyɔn difuziyɔn koefisiyɛn ye sɔngɔ ye min be to ka kɛ; litiyɔmu iyɔnw ka difuziyɔn seko be dɔgɔya ni fɛnɲɛnamaw hakɛ be caya sabu litiyɔmu iyɔnw ka difuziyɔn sira be caya. Litiyɔmu iyɔnw ka difuziyɔn seko be bɛn ni fɛnɲɛnamafagalanw hakɛ kaare ye ani a be bɛn ni litiyɔmu-iyɔn jɛnsɛnni ɲɔgɔndan ye. Particle bonya be nɔɔba to litiyɔmu-iyɔn jɛnsɛnni kan ka tɛmɛ difuziyɔn hakɛ kan. Jateminɛ jatebɔ litiyɔmu-iyɔn difuziyɔn hakɛ ka kan ka fara sumanikɛcogo kɛrɛnkɛrɛnninw kan ani tewori modɛliw kan. Sumanni fɛɛrɛw ye galvanostatiki titiri (GITT) ani ɛlɛkitorokimiki impedisi spɛkitorosikopi (EIS walima AC Impedansi).

(3) Two-dimensiyɔn sɛgɛsɛgɛli elekitorodiw: Thin{{2}filimu elekitorodiw be elekitorodiw ka baara sabati ni yɔrɔ sanfɛla ye. Ɲɔgɔnkunbɛn na, elekitorodiw be don yɔrɔ min na, elɛkitoroninw be don kuran ka fɛnw lajɛnyɔrɔ la k’a sɔrɔ litiyɔmu iyɔnw be don elekitoroliti kɔnɔ ka bɔ yɔrɔ wɛrɛ la. Ni FePO2 ka yɔrɔ labɛnnin lo, ɛlɛkitoroniki yɛlɛmani be dɔgɔya, k’a sɔrɔ litiyɔmu -yɔn yɛlɛmani be caya. FePO baarakɛla fɔlɔ nukeleyɛriw la kristali fiɲɛw la ani o kɔ, a be falen fan bɛɛ la, ka litiyɔmu -iyɔn jɛnsɛnni bali fɔɔ litiyɔmu iyɔnw tɛ se ka bɔ [100] fan fɛ.